Washington, DC (September 7, 2022) – The U.S. Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) has reviewed a new tomato from Norfolk Plant Sciences. The tomato was modified to alter its color and enhance its nutritional quality.

We found the plant is unlikely to pose an increased plant pest risk compared to other cultivated tomatoes and is not subject to regulation under 7 CFR part 340. That means, from a plant pest risk perspective, this plant may be safely grown and used in breeding in the United States. Our response is based on information from Norfolk Plant Sciences and our:

  • familiarity with tomato varieties,
  • knowledge of the traits that alter fruit color and nutritional quality, and
  • understanding of the modifications.

Under 7 CFR part 340, developers may submit a request to APHIS for a Regulatory Status Review (RSR) when they believe a modified plant is not subject to regulation. APHIS reviews the modified plant and considers whether it might pose an increased plant pest risk compared to a nonregulated plant. If our review finds a plant is unlikely to pose an increased plant pest risk relative to the comparator plant, we issue a response indicating the plant is not subject to the regulations.

With respect to Norfolk Plant Sciences’ purple tomato, we did not identify any plausible pathways to increased plant pest risk compared to other cultivated tomatoes and issued a response letter indicating the plant is not subject to regulation. This is the first RSR response we have issued under the revised biotechnology regulations at 7 CFR part 340. You can view the Norfolk Plant Sciences RSR request and our response at the link below.

View RSR Requests and APHIS Responses

Purple GM tomatoes reach major milestone in the United States

Norwich, UK (September 7, 2022) - A spinout company’s dream of bringing GM purple tomatoes to the gardens and plates of American home growers has moved a crucial step closer following a decision by United States regulators.

Norfolk Plant Sciences Ltd welcomed the decision by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) which means U.S. home growers should be able to purchase seeds and grow the nutritionally enhanced high-anthocyanin purple tomato from spring 2023.

A Regulatory Status Review (RSR) issued on Wednesday September 7 states that the USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), “has determined that [Norfolk Plant Sciences’] modified tomato is unlikely to pose an increased plant pest risk relative to its comparator.”

According to this decision, the purple tomato is no longer subject to the regulations limiting “Movement of Organisms Modified or Produced through Genetic Engineering.”

NPS is a spinout company from the John Innes Centre and The Sainsbury Laboratory - two world-leading research institutes based at Norwich Research Park. The company was established by Professors Cathie Martin and Jonathan Jones as the United Kingdom’s first GM crop company. Its aim is to find ways of commercializing their research into plants with enhanced health-giving compounds.

The decision follows a long wait for Professor Martin who developed the anthocyanin rich purple tomato in 2008 by engineering a precise genetic “on switch,” derived from an edible flower.

“This is fantastic, I never thought I would see this day. We are now one step closer to my dream of sharing healthy purple tomatoes with the many people excited to eat them,” she said.

“The bittersweet thing is that the tomatoes will be on sale in America and not the UK as well. But the plus side is that by focusing on home growers we will be consumer oriented, and we will be able to get feedback and interest needed to develop other products.” she said.

Hundreds of people in the U.S. have already expressed interest via the Big Purple Tomato website in buying tomatoes and seed once they become available.

Professor Jonathan Jones of The Sainsbury Laboratory said: “When Cathie and I founded NPS nearly 15 years ago to bring to market health-promoting, genetically enhanced purple tomatoes, invented in the UK, we never thought it would take so long to obtain regulatory approval. This is a red-letter day for crop improvement, with approval of a beneficial product by USDA, after careful scrutiny of a detailed information dossier that describes its properties.

“We also look forward to sensible regulatory frameworks for such products in the UK, and effective methods to protect our major crops from disease, using genetics instead of chemistry.”

Anthocyanins are antioxidants associated with a host of health benefits and are important to an anti-inflammatory diet.

Independent studies show that antioxidants and anthocyanins can reduce incidence of cancer, improve cardiovascular function, and improve health and well-being. Lab studies also suggest these healthy compounds could help alleviate irritable bowel syndrome.

Nathan Pumplin, CEO of Norfolk Plant Sciences’ US-based commercial business, stated, “this decision shows how the updates to APHIS’s regulatory framework will enable independent scientists and small companies to develop and compete on the market with better products, to the benefit of consumers and climate. This decision is a big milestone, which brings us much closer to a commercial launch of purple tomatoes. We are optimistic that we can begin limited distribution of purple tomatoes in the US in 2023.”

Although purple-skinned tomato varieties exist, they do not accumulate useful levels of these healthy compounds within the fruit flesh.

While it is possible to use nutritional supplements to increase intake of these compounds, there is increasing evidence to show that they work much better when consumed within foods.

Chronic diseases are a worldwide problem, killing twice as many people as infectious diseases. The World Health Organisation states that improved diet is one of the major changes that people can make to help prevent these diseases.

Many media outlets in the U.S. have already featured the exciting new GM tomato, such the New York Times and the Wall Street Journal.

For more information, see Norfolk Plant Sciences welcomes major milestone decision on purple GM tomatoes and GM Purple Tomato Gets Approval in the United States.